新托福阅读里,有一个难度不高,但是一不留神就会做错的题目。很多同学明明文章都看懂了,却在 “EXCEPT”“NOT true” 这类题目上栽跟头。这就是新托福学术类阅读中高频出现的否定事实信息题, 要求从选项里找出 “原文没提到” 或 “与原文不符” 的答案,堪称阅读中的细节陷阱重灾区。今天就用 1道真题帮你搞定这个题型,正确率直接拉满!
什么是新托福阅读否定事实信息题?
否定事实信息题的题干中有非常明显的标志词:
EXCEPT(“除了以下哪项,其余均正确”)
NOT true(“以下哪项不正确”)
NOT mentioned(“以下哪项原文未提及”)
这种题不是 “选对的”,而是 “排除对的,选错的 / 没提的”,考察你的找茬能力。本质上,考验的是细节定位能力 + 选项与原文的匹配能力,千万不能抓大放小,忽略了细节差异。
新托福否定事实信息题 3 步解题法
1.根据题干关键词,定位原文相关位置:
要明确题干提问对象,避免定位跑偏,根据关键词找到原文中对应的 “事实集合”(不一定都在一个段落里)。
2.选项逐一匹配原文:
把每个选项和原文内容对比,原文提到且正确的3个选项留下。不能凭 “感觉” 判断,必须有原文依据!
3.锁定答案:
剩下的1个 “原文没提” 或 “与原文矛盾” 的选项,就是我们要的答案。
三、新托福否定事实信息题真题精析
我们就以官方付费题目《Agricultural Economics》的为例,完整演示否定事实信息题的做题过程:
Agricultural Economics
P1 Agricultural economics has undergone significant changes, driven by advancements in technology and shifts in consumer demand. Precision farming utilizes satellite imagery to enhance crop yields by analyzing soil and weather conditions. This allows farmers to make informed decisions about planting, watering, and harvesting, which in turn increase efficiency and reduce waste.
P2 Another development is the rise of organic farming, which responds to consumer preference for sustainable product Organic farming avoids synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. focusing on crop rotation, composting, and biological pest control. This practice has environmental benefits and creates niche markets for farmers.
P3 Global trade also impacts agricultural economics. Nations depend on importing and exporting food to meet domestic needs and take advantage of international prices. However, this interdependency can lead to economic vulnerability when global supply chains are disrupted by politicalinstability or natural disasters.
P4 Innovations and global dynamics can also pose other challenges. Precision farming requires significant investment in technology, which can be prohibitive for small-scale farmers. Organic farming often yields lower outputs than conventional methods, complicating the balance between sustainability and food security Additionally,reliance on global trade exposes countries to fluctuations in international markets, necessitating robust economic policies to manage these risks.
The passage mentions all of the following challenges related to new agricultural practices EXCEPT
A.environmental problems
B.a need for investments that small-scale farmers cannot afford
C.a possible decrease in food security
D.too much dependence on international markets
👉第一步:根据题干关键词,定位原文相关位置
找到题干的核心关键词challenges(挑战)、new agricultural practices(农业新实践),回到原文,找 “农业新实践的挑战” 对应的内容:P4段首主旨句明确提到“challenges”关键词。所以我们的定位范围就是文章的P4段。
👉第二步:选项逐一匹配原文
P4 Innovations and global dynamics can also pose other challenges. Precision farming requires significant investment in technology, which can be prohibitive for small-scale farmers. Organic farming often yields lower outputs than conventional methods, complicating the balance between sustainability and food security. Additionally, reliance on global trade exposes countries to fluctuations in international markets, necessitating robust economic policies to manage these risks.
The passage mentions all of the following challenges related to new agricultural practices EXCEPT
A environmental problems
B a need for investments that small-scale farmers cannot afford
C a possible decrease in food security
D too much dependence on international markets
选项 B:
“a need for investments that small-scale farmers cannot afford”(需要小规模农民负担不起的投资)→ 对应原文第四段第二句 “significant investment... prohibitive for small-scale farmers”,精准农业需要大量技术投资,小规模农民负担不起,原文明确提到。
选项 C:
“a possible decrease in food security”(可能降低粮食安全)→ 对应原文第四段第三句 “complicating the balance between sustainability and food security”(有机农业产量比传统方法低,影响粮食安全平衡),即可能导致粮食安全问题,原文提到。
选项 D:
“too much dependence on international markets”(过度依赖国际市场)→ 对应原文第四段第三句 “reliance on global trade exposes countries...”(依赖国际贸易使国家受国际市场波动影响),原文提到。
选项 A:
“environmental problems”(环境问题),文中没有提过环境问题是农业新实践的挑战。
👉第三步:锁定答案
BCD选项都在文中可以精确匹配上,只有A选项是无中生有的内容,就是我们要找的答案了。
新托福否定事实信息题选项特征
否定事实信息题的定位是相对容易的,但很多同学定位后很容易只看关键词就选,而没有仔细读选项,可能会出现一些粗心导致的错误。所以以下一些选项tips也要记住,帮助我们快速识别和排除选项。
警惕 “原文原词”:
选项中可能有关键名词在原文中能找到,但整句选项的意思和原文对应句的意思并不相同。比如原文 “分布在欧洲、亚洲、非洲”= 选项 “主要在欧洲”,都有欧洲这个词,但是意思是矛盾的。
看清 “同义替换”:
不要因为选项用词和原文不一样就马上排除,比如第例题中 B 选项 “cannot afford”= 原文 “prohibitive”(负担不起的);其实是意思完全一样的。
多考察并列:
例题中的BCD三个选项,其实就是文中P4段并列列举的3个主要challenges。这也是否定事实信息的一个主要特征,排除掉的三个选项往往是并列内容,注意读文段中的并列逻辑词and/also/in addition/additionally/ moreover等。
定位要全面:
有些事实可能分散在不同段落,不一定都在同一个段落内。
总结
否定事实信息题的核心的是 “反向排除”—— 先找到所有 “正确的事实”,剩下的一个选项就是答案。只要认真读选项对应原文,不漏看/看错细节,这类题就能从 “易错点” 变成 “得分点”!老师也为大家准备了8道否定事实信息题,后附答案,赶紧练起来吧!需要的同学扫描二维码领取!
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