
对于雅思大作文,大部分考生面临的痛点问题都是——缺少思路和破题角度。拿到题目似乎无话可说:
一方面,有些话题离我们日常生活较远,考生年龄偏小、缺乏素材积累;另一方面,是缺少对雅思大作文分话题的系统性积累。
事实上,雅思大作文题目虽广泛,涵盖社会现象、政府管理、教育方式、工作选择等,但只要我们能有条理地按话题积累思路,就能在考场上从容应对各种抽象题目。
在这些主题中,环境类话题(environmental topics)常常让考生较为头痛。虽然雅思作文属于academic writing,但这并不意味着雅思大作文会考察特别学术或科研的内容:考生无需了解不同交通方式每年排放的碳量,而是要能分析环境问题的社会原因与可行对策。
一、雅思环境类话题常见考察方向
从近几年(2020–2025)的真题来看,环境类作文主要集中在两个方向:
1. 不同社会现象可能导致的环境影响
如城市化、快时尚、工业生产、能源开采等社会发展活动对环境的影响。
2. 具体环境问题的成因与解决方式
例如资源枯竭、水污染、垃圾处理、空气污染等。
只要掌握这两个大方向,无论题目形式是选边(agree/disagree)、双边讨论(discuss both views)、还是问题解决(causes and solutions),都能迅速破题。
二、常见环境问题分类与思路分析
1. 全球变暖与空气污染(Global warming & Air pollution)
这两种问题是雅思环境类题中最常出现的“高频双子”,它们的成因相似,包括1)机动车尾气排放(vehicle exhaust);2)工厂废气(industrial emissions);3)化石燃料燃烧(burning of fossil fuels)
但要注意区分概念:
Air pollution:有毒气体(toxic chemicals)浓度过高 → 导致健康问题,如呼吸道疾病(respiratory illness)、癌症(cancer)、心血管疾病(cardiovascular diseases)。
Global warming:二氧化碳(carbondioxide)浓度上升 → 导致气温升高、极地冰川融化、生物多样性消失(loss of biodiversity)、生态系统失衡(disruption of ecosystems)。
解决方案
⚠️【注意环境类问题永远都要多角度出发,无论是原因还是解决方案,都要分角色讨论,包括 个人、政府、公司企业 可以做出的不同改变】
个人角度
1)采用低碳、环保生活方式(Low-carbon lifestyle),包括节约能源,减少浪费,使用公共交通,骑行或步行。
e.g. “Individuals can cut their carbon footprint by using energy-efficient appliances and reducing unnecessary driving.”
2)转变消费观念(Green consumption),购买环保产品,减少不必要消费,购买二手/回收产品,支持可持续品牌。
e.g. “People should support eco-friendly brands to encourage sustainable production.”
3)树立环保意识(Environmental awareness),包括教育公众认识到空气污染与全球变暖的危害。
e.g. “Raising environmental awareness through education and media campaigns is essential.”
政府层面
1)实施严格的环境保护政策(policy and regulations ),比如制定更严格的排放标准(stricter emission regulations),限制工厂和车辆的排放,严惩不环保的企业公司。
e.g.: Governments should impose heavy fines on factories that exceed emission limits.
2)发展环保科技(environmentally friendly technologies),比如发展可再生能源(Develop renewable energy),推广太阳能、风能、水能等清洁能源,减少对煤炭和石油的依赖。
e.g. “Investment in renewable energy can significantly reduce reliance on fossil fuels.”
3) 完善绿色基建,比如发展更便利的公共交通系统(Improve public transport),鼓励人们少开私家车,多乘坐地铁或公交车。
e.g. “Better public transport systems can discourage private car use and lower air pollution.”
企业角度
1)转型绿色环保生产方式(eco-friendly production) ,比如采用绿色生产技术(Adopt green technologies),使用节能设备、循环利用废料、推出更多绿色产品。
e.g. “Factories should upgrade their facilities to minimize emissions and energy waste.”
2)教育消费者,承担企业社会责任,比如企业应积极投资环保项目,树立可持续发展的形象。
e.g. “Companies can sponsor reforestation or carbon offset projects to mitigate their impact.”
可套题目
环境保护责任方:2020.11.14
Some people believe that it is the responsibility of the politicians rather than individuals to reduce environmental damage.
停止使用化石能源:2024.05.11
The international community must act immediately to reduce fossil fuel consumption. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2.自然资源枯竭(Natural resource depletion)
能源、森林、水资源的过度开发是近年来常见考点,包括:石油和天然气等不可再生资源耗尽(depletion of non-renewable resources)以及水资源短缺(freshwater scarcity)
常见原因
城市扩张,经济以及工业发展(Urbanisation & Industrialisation)导致对于资源需求上升;人口增长(population boom)导致消费需求上升(rising consumer demand)以及消费主义的盛行导致企业过度生产,从而破坏自然环境(Overproduction & Fast fashion);
具体影响
快时尚鼓励频繁更换衣物—>资源过度开采以满足市场需求—>纺织废弃物(textile waste)增加,同时制造业排放废水、染料污染水源; 城市化导致农田与绿地被住房取代(replacement of farmland and parks with buildings);更多废气废水排放增加(industrial waste and air pollution)
解决方案
与global warming 和air pollution 类似,可以从个人、政府以及公司角度出发,包括推广可再生能源(renewable energy such as solar or wind power);公司和个人提高能源利用效率(improve energy efficiency);政府加强环保立法(enforce environmental regulations)等
正反观点
积极影响:经济发展、基础设施改善、就业机会增加。
消极影响:环境退化、公共空间减少、空气质量下降。
可套题目
快时尚污染环境:2025.01.11
The fashion industry is bad for the environment. Do you agree or disagree?
过度生产造成破坏:2022.08.13
The increase in the production of consumer goods results in environmental damage. Causes and solutions?
资源枯竭:2021.09.11
The natural resources such as oil, forests and freshwater are being consumed at an alarming rate. What problems does this cause? How can we solve these problems?
能源开发偏远地区:2022.06.26
With the increasing demand for energy, people start to look for sources in remote and untouched places. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
城市化负面影响:2022.07.23
There is a growing trend of population shifting from rural areas to cities. In terms of environment, it is a negative development.
城市扩张取代农田:2022.03.19
Many cities replace farmlands and parks with houses. Is it positive or negative?
3. 垃圾与塑料污染(Waste management & Plastic pollution)
垃圾处理和回收体系不完善是许多国家的环境痛点,相关环境问题导致的危害包括:塑料垃圾污染城市、乡村和海洋;回收率低(low recycling rate),更多资源浪费;垃圾填埋或焚烧造成空气和水污染;
解决方案:
政府推动垃圾分类(promote waste sorting and recycling)
加强塑料限令(plastic ban policies)
公众教育(public awareness campaigns)
可套题目:
垃圾回收不足:2023.08.05
In some countries, there is not enough recycling of waste materials. Reasons and solutions?
塑料污染:2021.01.30
More and more plastic is polluting cities, countryside and oceans. What problems and solutions?
4. 水污染与水资源短缺(Water pollution & Freshwater scarcity)
水污染属于环境类考题中单独出现的频率不高,属于小众环境问题,但是其实它也和现代生活生产方式息息相关,其主要成因包括 1)工业废水排放(industrial wastewater)2)农业化学品污染(chemical fertilizers and pesticides)【ps: 关于农业可能导致水资源污染和短缺是很多考生比较陌生的一点,需要大家积累哦】3)过度使用水资源(overconsumption of freshwater);
水污染可能影响 农业减产、饮用水不足,缺少干净水资源可能导致更多传染病以及相关疾病发生,以及水生生态系统被破坏,包括富营养化等;
应对措施
推行节水政策(implement water-saving policies)
提高水资源利用率(improve water recycling technologies)
限制污染排放(set strict discharge standards)
可套题目
水资源短缺:2021.02.27 Water scarcity is a serious problem in many countries.What are the causes of this?And what solutions can be done by individuals and the government?
政府是否应控制用水:2023.02.04 Some people think they have right to use as much fresh water as they want, but others believe government should control the use of fresh water as it is limited resource. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
三、总结
环境类话题是雅思写作的“万金油”,能迁移到社会、政府责任、科技、消费等多个主题中。
熟练掌握这一类,不仅能应对真题,更能提升整体大作文议论写作的说理逻辑;
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