今天我们继续连载《厚朴GRE词汇笔记》之0031,请同学们先看题:
The science of astronomy was begun by amateurs and today remains dependent on their contributions, which are incisive by Virtue of being _______ by the a priori assumptions that often vitiate the work of professional research scientists.
A) characterized
B) unencumbered
C) supported
D) contradicted
E) inspired
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参考答案:B
这道题最大的难点是,大部分考生甚至老师都不知道a priori是一个单词,而不是两个单词。这个词相当于是empirical的反义词。这个a priori,也是这道题入选《厚朴GRE词汇笔记》的原因。对这种特别难或特别生僻的单词,我们在考场遇到,比较实际的处理方法就是略去不看。
在略去a priori这个词以后,我们读题,可以得到大致的印象如下:
天文学这门学科是业余爱好者开创的,现在还依靠业余爱好者的一些贡献。业余爱好者们做出的贡献,是______的,所以敏锐深刻。那些臆断,经常会损害职业(天文学)科学家的工作。
由此我们可以推知,题目大概的意思是想说,臆断会破坏职业科学家的判断,业余爱好者因为不带臆断,反而不会受影响。所以空里面应该填“不被破坏、不被阻碍、不被拖累、不被削弱”之类表示正面意思的动词(也就是和题目后面的vitiate的意思相反)。然后然后再结合排除法,选出正确选项unencumbered。
这道题中需要同学们重点识记的几个单词是:
amateur n. 业余爱好的,非职业的
taking part in an activity for pleasure, not as a job
💡例句:
He was an amateur singer until the age of 40, when he turned professional.
40岁之前他一直是个业余歌手,之后才转为职业歌手。
incisive adj. (人,心智)敏锐的,睿智的
of a person or mental process) intelligently analytical and clear-thinking
💡例句:
She was an incisive critic.
她是个敏锐的批评家。
a priori adj. 先验的,先天的,非根据观察(或经验)的,演绎的,推理的
relating to or denoting reasoning or knowledge which proceeds from theoretical deduction rather than from observation or experience
💡例句1:
He has some a priori assumptions about human nature.
他有一些关于人性(是什么样的)的臆断。
💡例句2:
"It's freezing outside; you must be cold" is an example of a priori reasoning.
“外面结冰了,你一定会感到很冷” 是一种由因及果的推理。
encumber vt. 使…负担沉重;妨碍,阻碍;拖累
to weigh someone or something down, or to make it difficult for someone to do something
💡例句:
Today, thankfully, women tennis players are not encumbered with/by long, heavy skirts and high-necked blouses.
幸亏今天的女子网球运动员打球时不用受笨重的长裙和高领衬衫的束缚了。
vitiate vt. 毁坏;破坏;削弱
to destroy or damage something
💡例句:
He said that American military power should never again be vitiated by political concerns.
他说美国的军事力量绝不能再次因为政治上的考虑而有所削弱。
最后附上补完整之后的句子(英汉对照):
The science of astronomy was begun by amateurs and today remains dependent on their contributions, which are incisive by Virtue of being unencumbered by the a priori assumptions that often vitiate the work of professional research scientists.
天文学这门学科本来就是业余爱好者开创的,至今仍然以来业余爱好者的一些贡献。因为他们的那些贡献不受一些预先臆断的束缚,所以深刻而敏锐。那些预先的臆断,经常会损害专职(天文学)科学家的工作。
好了,今天这一期的《厚朴GRE词汇笔记》就讲到这里了,同学们下次见。
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