今天TD SAT教研组继续给同学们带来一道机经还原。这是一道小说题,出题方式是问文章main idea(中心思想,或“主要的意思”)。老规矩,直接上干货。

《科学怪人》(Frankenstein)是女作家玛丽·雪莱(Mary Shelley)1818年写的一本哥特风格的神秘、恐怖小说。

下面这个段落节选自该小说:

The untaught peasant beheld the elements around him and was acquainted with their practical uses. The most learned philosopher knew little more. He had partially unveiled the face of Nature, but her immortal lineaments were still a wonder and a mystery. He might dissect, anatomize, and give names; but, not to speak of a final cause, causes in their secondary and tertiary grades were utterly unknown to him. I had gazed upon the fortifications and impediments that seemed to keep human beings from entering the citadel of nature, and rashly and ignorantly I had repined.

问这个段落的中心思想(main idea)是什么?

备选项:

A)作者了解到农夫(科学方面的外行)对大自然的认识水平(和学者差不多),便拒绝再用科学方法去探索大自然。

B)尽管作者了解到农夫(科学方面的外行)对大自然的认识水平(和学者差不多),但他仍然相信使用科学方法可以让人们更清楚地洞察大自然。

C)…

D)…

正确选项:

A)作者了解到农夫(科学方面的外行)对大自然的认识水平(和学者差不多),便拒绝再用科学方法去探索大自然。

TD SAT教研组注:

做对这道题的关键是要能够看懂选段是表达了作者对科学的负面看法。

这篇小说虽然是名著,有科幻小说之母的美誉,很多同学可能看过简写本,但是原著本身是1818年写的,蚊子难度较大。下面TD SAT教研组手工把这段话逐句翻译,让同学们彻底搞懂。

The untaught peasant beheld the elements around him and was acquainted with their practical uses. The most learned philosopher knew little more. He had partially unveiled the face of Nature, but her immortal lineaments were still a wonder and a mystery. He might dissect, anatomize, and give names; but, not to speak of a final cause, causes in their secondary and tertiary grades were utterly unknown to him. I had gazed upon the fortifications and impediments that seemed to keep human beings from entering the citadel of nature, and rashly and ignorantly I had repined.

没有受过很多教育的农夫,通过对自然环境的观察,也能了解自然环境的各种用途。而最渊博的学者(科学家),对大自然的了解,也只比农夫多一点。学者只不过揭开了大自然真面目的一部分而已,但大自然不朽的轮廓仍然是一个奇迹、一个谜。学者也许可以分析大自然、剖析大自然,并给各种现象命名,但是,这根本没有触及到大自然的本质因素,不要说终极的本质了,就连一些更表面更浅显的因素,学者也是一无所知的。(我本人就是一个学者),而我就曾经盯住那些看起来阻碍人们真正进入自然界神秘殿堂的堡垒和沟壑,烦躁地发愁,(束手无策)。

选段最后一句话“I had gazed upon the fortifications and impediments that seemed to keep human beings from entering the citadel of nature, and rashly and ignorantly I had repined.”非常难理解,因为作者省略了一句话没有明说出来,即“我就是个learned philosopher,我就对大自然知之甚少。”。也就是说,最后一句话是通过举例来支持文章前面所表达的观点:“学者(科学家)对大自然的认识比农夫强不了多少”。

最后,同学们还需要掌握一个单词。

layman n. 非业界人士,外行
a person without professional or specialized knowledge in a particular subject

例句:

The book seems well-suited to the interested layman.
本书似乎很适合有兴趣的外行人士。

文末福利

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