KET/PET英语语法-连词知识点总结：英语写作中常见的并列连词/从属连词/关联连词有哪些？用法是什么？

连接词是用来连接单词、词组和句子的词，用来使句子或文章更加连贯，有逻辑。

上周我们讲到A2 Key和B1 Preliminary写作中，一个重要的评分标准就是Organization，即文章的组织结构，具体来说，就是考察考生能否正确地运用连接词使文章connected and coherent。

并且在高分作文的考官评语中，也都表扬了高分考生对连接词的正确运用。

连接词的重要性已强调完毕！现在开始进入正题吧！

今天我们将按照连接词的类别进行讲解说明，连接词可以被分为三种：

Coordinating Conjunctions 并列连词

Subordinating Conjunctions 从属连词

Correlative Conjunctions 关联连词

Coordinating Conjunctions 并列连词

并列连词是最常见的连词，可以连接单词、短语和句子，能够把分散的想法和表达凝聚在一起，形成一个逻辑性强的、全面的观点。

A. 常用的并列连词有For / And / Nor / But / Or / Yet / So

1. For – 解释原因或目的 (相当于”because”)

I study for high grades.

2. And – 和、以及、而且

We stayed at home and watched TV.

注！当出现不止两个的并列事物时，前面使用“，”隔开，并在最后一个事物前加“and”。例：

My mother is at work, my sister has gone shopping and I am playing football.

3. Nor -用来在已陈述的否定观点之外，再提出另一个否定观点

I neither love nor hate to watch TV.

4. But – 表示对立

I bought a sandwich, but I didn’t eat it.

5. Or -提供另一种选择

Would you rather read a book or watch a good TV show?

6. Yet -在逻辑上与前面的观点形成对立(与 “but”相似)

I always take a book to the beach, yet I never seem to turn a single page.

7. So – 表示原因、结果或后果

It was very hot, so I opened the window.

B. 使用规则

当连接词前后是两个完整的句子时，连接词前需要加“，”反之则不需要。比较下面两个句子：

The kittens jumped around, and the puppies played with all the people who came to great them.

The kittens jumped around and played with all the people who came to greet them.

Subordinating Conjunctions 从属连词

从属连词是用来连接独立句子和从属句子的连接词。独立句子即上文提到的“完整的句子”，从属句子指句子结构不完整，单独不能成句的句子。一般来说，从属句子的作用是为了给独立主句增添信息。

上句中“The student failed the test.”是一个可以独立成句的完整句子，也是整个句子的主句，“because she didn’t study”则不是一个完整的句子，而是给主句：【这个学生挂科了】补充信息：【因为她没好好学习】。

常用的从属连词有：

1. because （because of）-用来表达事情的原因：

I opened the window because it was very hot.

I opened the window because of the heat.

注！because of +名词

2. when / before / while / after / until / as soon as -用来在时间上连接两个事情或动作

注！如果when / before / while / after用在句首，则中间需要加“，”，反之则不需要。

When I went out, it was raining.

It was raining when I went out.

注！当表达将来的事情的时候，when后面要使用一般现在时。

We’ll hire a car when we arrive in Beijing.

3. if与when / before / while / after一样，如果if用在句首，则中间需要加“，”，反之则不需要

If we go by bus, it will be cheaper.

It will be cheaper if we go by bus.

4. although / though-用来表达对立观点（与but相同）

The hotel was excellent although/though the food was boring.

Although/though the food was boring, the hotel was excellent.

Correlative Conjunctions 关联连词

关联连词通常都是成双成对地出现的。

常用的关联连词有：

1. either/or 不是…就是…
I want either the cheesecake or the chocolate cake.

2. both/and 两者都
We’ll have both the cheesecake and the chocolate cake.

3. neither/nor 既不…也不…
Neither my sister nor my brother wants to eat cake.

4. not only/but also 不但…而且…
I’ll eat them both – not only the cheesecake but also the chocolate cake.

相较于英语表达来说，中文表达逻辑性较弱，不管是口语还是写作，我们都习惯用标点符号来连接短语和句子。

因此，当小朋友们进行英语写作时，要有意识地提醒自己注意词、句、段之间的关系，选择适当的连接词来保证文章能够紧密连接。